Charcot neuroarthropathy: surgical outcomes following hind and midfoot reconstruction. A minimum 12 month follow up from a tertiary hospital

J. Giddie, N. Phyo, I. Reichert, R. Ahluwalia, V. Kavarthapu

Background: Corrective fusion of a deformed / unstable Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN)of the midfoot and hindfoot is performed with the aim to prevent ulcers and maintain patient mobility.

Methods: Between October 2007 and July 2018, 103 CN mid and hind foot corrections in 95 patients were performed. There were 34 hind-foot, 38 mid-foot and 31 combined hind and mid-foot surgeries. 83 feet had single stage corrections, whereas 20 required a staged operation.

Results: Ninety-five patients were prospectively followed up. The mean patient age in our study was 57 years (21 - 85). Twenty-seven patients had type1 diabetes, 64 patients had type 2 and 4 patients had a neuropathy secondary to other conditions. Forty patients (42%) were offered a below knee amputation prior to attending our foot clinic. At a mean follow up of 56 months (12- 140) we achieved 100% limb salvage with a 75% full bone fusion rate. There were 17 mortalities within our cohort at a mean period of 3 years. Ninety-seven percent (n=92) patients were mobilizing post-operatively in orthotic footwear. Fifty-two feet had pre-operative ulcers. Post-operatively 17 feet (16 patients) had persistent ulceration. Eight patients had ulcer resolution following further surgery and alteration of footwear, one patient has been listed for a below knee amputation for unstable non-union, whilst the remaining 7 patients have stable ulcers which are managed with dressings. Of the 26 feet (25 patients) with non-unions, 6 patients had revision fixation procedures whilst 8 patients required minor surgical procedures. The remaining 11 patients are stable non-unions who are asymptomatic and weight bearing. Other complications included a deep infection rate of 8% (n=7).

Conclusion: We demonstrated a 100% limb salvage rate and an 83% success rate in ulcer resolution. We recommend this be done with the support of the multi-disciplinary team.